Transient frequency control through nutcracker optimization algorithm for TFOPIDn-LADRC in energy containment-based power system

Energy storage is frequently utilized in power systems with significant renewable energy systems (RESs) integration to enhance load frequency control (LFC) performance. Recently noticed a swift increase in RESs, largely propelled by environmental apprehensions and the quest of more sustainable energy production. Nonetheless, substituting conventional producing units with RESs considerably reduces system inertia and results in deteriorating the grid frequency. Frequent load demand variation and sporadic involvement of RESs raise frequency stability as a significant concern in interconnected multi area power system (IMAPS). This research presents a cascaded control to counter frequency aberrations through tilt fractional order proportional integral derivative (TFOPIDn) conflated with linear active disturbance rejection control (LADRC). TFOPIDn-LADRC optimal performance is enhanced by tunning through nutcracker optimization algorithm (NOA) technique. The IMAPS comprises of thermal, wind, PV , biodiesel , battery energy storage system (BESS) and electric vehicle (EV). The EV system is controlled by NOA-TFOPIDn-LADRC and overall performance of the power system suggest that the proposed controller robustly cope with internal/exogenous disturbances as compared to other controllers. The performance depicts that the proposed controller stabilizes the variation in frequency in 1.282 s for area 1 and 1.320 s for area 2. • Designing of NOA-TFOPIDn-LADRC controller to delt with load disturbances and uncertainties in the IMAPS. • NOA has been introduced for optimal tuning of TFOPIDn-LADRC efficient operations. • The control of EV system is managed through NOA-TFOPIDn-LADRC. • BESS is installed as energy containment for absorbing and releasing power during load shifts.