Natural Daylighting Simulation of Building Atrium Towards Effective Indoor Artificial Intelligence-Integrated Urban Farming in Malaysia

The COVID-19 pandemic and land shortage in Malaysia are driving up the cost of local and imported food due to rising holding costs.As food prices rise, urban agriculture grows.Urban farming often occurs in enclosed facilities with little natural light.The standard method of artificial daylighting to maintain photosynthesis illumination uses much energy.Building strategies can include atrium designs to let enough light into the indoor farming area.An atrium with optimal natural daylighting for urban farming reduces energy use and follows sustainable architectural principles.This study seeks the best atrium design for urban farming with artificial intelligence.Simulations of atrium prototypes in Lightstanza software are used in this study.The study found that the circular atrium design provides optimal daylighting at 512.66 lux for tropical climates, exceeding rectangular and square atriums in daylight penetration and distribution and compliance with JKR (Jabatan Kerja Raya), Malaysian Public Work Department and IES (Illuminating Engineering Society) lux standards.As a result, the best atrium design requires optimal daylighting penetration, where the redefinition of atrium design allows efficient integration in tropical climates and provides enough indoor illumination for AI-integrated indoor agriculture.