Evaluation of New Wheat–Rye T1RS.1BL Translocation Lines Originating from Different Chinese Rye Landraces with Resistance to Fusarium Head Blight

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a serious disease that severely decreases the yield and quality of wheat. Planting wheat cultivars with FHB resistance is one of the most effective ways to control FHB epidemics. Introducing chromosome fragments from wheat-related species with FHB resistance into the wheat genome through chromosome translocation is an important way to improve wheat FHB resistance. In this study, 178 new wheat-rye (<i>Secale cereale</i>) T1RS.1BL translocation lines were developed from the crosses of common wheat and three Chinese rye landraces: Weining, Baili, and Aigan. The wheat parents Mianyang11 (MY11) and A42912 were susceptible to FHB, and the percentage of diseased spikelets (PDS) values of MY11 and A42912 were 63.41 and 50.52% at 30 days postinoculation (DPI), respectively. The PDSs of the translocation lines developed from the MY11 × Aigan, MY11 × Baili, MY11 × Weining, A42912 × Baili, and A42912 × Weining crosses ranged from 14.32 to 37.68%, 20.21 to 35.38%, 13.58 to 45.28%, 12.93 to 32.87%, and 20.18 to 31.14% at 30 DPI, respectively. The increasing PDS per day in the translocation lines was lower than those in the wheat parents from 20 to 30 DPI. All the results showed that the 1RS translocations of the three Chinese rye strains effectively improved FHB resistance when introduced into the wheat genome. The FHB-resistant germplasm resources evaluated in this study are important materials for future FHB-resistant wheat breeding.