Simulation Study on Road Evacuation in Old Residential Areas Based on an Improved Social Force Model

老旧小区道路狭窄、人员密度大，道路内临停车辆进一步压缩有效宽度，易导致疏散拥堵。本文基于改进社会力模型，构建适应占道车辆场景的人员避让行为仿真模型，并进行行人疏散仿真分析。结果表明，通道密度增加会显著降低行人速度，加剧拥挤；适当拓宽道路可提升疏散效率，但当宽度超过5.5 m后，效率提升趋缓。本研究可为老旧小区道路疏散优化提供参考。The roads in old residential areas are narrow with high population density, and temporarily parked vehicles further reduce the effective width, which can easily lead to evacuation congestion. Based on an improved social force model, this study constructs a pedestrian avoidance behavior simulation model adapted to scenarios with road-occupying vehicles and conducts pedestrian evacuation simulation analysis. The results show that increasing passage density significantly reduces pedestrian speed and aggravates crowding. Appropriately widening the road can improve evacuation efficiency, but when the width exceeds 5.5 m, the efficiency improvement tends to slow down. This study provides a reference for optimizing road evacuation in old residential areas.