Optimal Control Algorithm for Fuel Cell Based Grid Forming Inverter Utilizing DC Link Voltage Synchronization

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are promising technologies for distributed generation because of their efficiency and control flexibility. However, during load transients, the nonlinear gas diffusion dynamics of PEMFCs may cause DC-link voltage instability, leading to unintentional disconnection or reduced power reserve. To address this issue, this paper proposes a grid-forming control algorithm that compensates for the gas diffusion dynamics through DC-link voltage synchronization for ensuring great reserve power. The algorithm incorporates P-f droop control in the front-end converter to mitigate Low-frequency Oscillation (LFO) and Limited Grid Forming (LGF) issues and enhance overall system stability. The effectiveness of the proposed control methodology is demonstrated through real-time digital simulations