Does foreign language learning influence EFL learners' cultural intelligence (CQ)? A mixed-methods approach to exploring EFL learning as a contributor to CQ

The present mixed-method study focuses on exploring the correlation between foreign language learning and cultural intelligence (CQ) among 291 English as a foreign language (EFL) learners in China. Statistical analyses revealed that English-major EFL learners had higher CQ than their non-English-major counterparts, especially in the cognitive dimension. The qualitative analysis of the semi-structured interview data revealed five key factors that contribute to the enhancement of intercultural awareness through language learning. These include "cultural knowledge" and four psychological factors: "awareness and understanding of cultural differences", "an open and tolerant mindset towards other cultures", "cognitive recognition of cultural diversity", and "interest and motivation in intercultural engagement".