Review: Phytochemical composition, biological activity, and health-promoting effects of Avicennia spp. (Avicenniaceae)

Abstract. Rahmania A, Revalitha AA, Mustika AB, Torimbanu AR, Nugroho GD, Md. Naim D, Setyawan AD. 2025. Review: Phytochemical composition, biological activity, and health-promoting effects of Avicennia spp. (Avicenniaceae) Asian J Trop Biotechnol 22: 96-108. Mangroves unique and valuable ecosystems, are groups of trees and shrubs that grow in coastal ecosystems exposed to tides. They play an important role in maintaining biodiversity and reducing the impact of coastal erosion. Mangroves are unique and valuable ecosystems because they provide coastal protection and carbon sequestration services. The genus Avicennia (Avicenniaceae) is a plant of mangrove consisting of eight species, namely A. bicolor, A. germinans, A. marina, A. officinalis, A. schaueriana, A. balanophora, A. integra, and A. alba, which are widely distributed in tropical and subtropical coastal areas. What sets Avicennia spp. apart is their remarkable adaptability to extreme environmental conditions, making them a key player in coastal ecosystems. Mangroves, especially Avicennia spp., have been known to contain many potentials and benefits. These plants are important for coastal ecosystems and have significant pharmacological potential. This study aims to identify and compile the phytochemical composition, biological activity, and health-promoting effect of Avicennia spp.. There are 9 main phytochemical components: Alkaloids, terpenoids, steroids, phenolics, saponins, flavonoids, tannins, steroids, and glycosides. In addition, there are also several biological activity properties of Avicennia species, namely as antioxidants, anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antihyperglycemic. Avicennia spp. also offers traditional and modern treatments using various ingredients. By providing a comprehensive review of Avicennia spp., this study will provide a solid foundation for further research development, clinical application, and sustainable utilization and open up new opportunities in the field of natural material-based health.