Neurofibromatosis associated with anorexia nervosa and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

We report a female patient with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) who developed anorexia nervosa (AN) in her early 30s. This required several admissions for weight restoration. The patient's body image concerns and experience of stigma related to the dermatological manifestations of NF1 and her misconceptions regarding the relationship between weight and NF1 appeared to be aetiological factors for AN development. This view influenced the psychotherapeutic approach she received for AN, which was successful (current body mass index =20.5 kg/m²). After being diagnosed with AN, she was diagnosed with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and successfully treated with stimulant medication (dexamphetamine) without compromising her body weight. In summary, the case illustrates that NF1 may be a risk factor for AN development and that recovery from AN is possible while treating comorbid ADHD with stimulant medications.