Recent advances in green H ₂ O ₂ production via metal‐based functional materials: applications, strategies, and catalytic mechanisms

Abstract Hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) is highly required in various applications. The development of catalysts exhibiting elevated catalytic activity, selectivity, and stability is essential for H 2 O 2 production technology. Metal‐based catalysts are widely used for 2e − ORR (oxygen reduction reaction) because of their adjustable structure, chemical stability, and availability. However, due to competition with the 4e − ORR, modifications are often conducted to balance activity and selectivity. Common techniques include altering the surface electronic structure of catalysts and the interaction between active sites and intermediates. This review discusses diverse catalyst types (including precious and transition metals, single‐atom catalysts, and MOFs/COFs) along with modification strategies (such as morphological control, electronic structure tuning, conductivity enhancement, and wettability improvement). The objective is to elucidate catalyst design and associated reaction mechanisms, as well as the relationship between catalyst structure and activity, in order to provide an insight for producing H 2 O 2 in an efficient, highly selective, and stable manner.