Sustainability in pharmaceutical analysis: greenness assessment of HPLC methods for paclitaxel

Abstract Sustainability in pharmaceutical analysis is gaining significant attention, driven by global initiatives to reduce environmental impact and enhance operational efficiency. This study evaluates the greenness of HPLC-based methods for paclitaxel quantification using seven assessment tools: NEMI, Complex NEMI, Analytical Eco-Scale, SPMS, ChlorTox, RGBfast, and BAGI. The findings reveal that methods 1, 2, 3, and 5 are the most sustainable, with method 3 achieving 72.5 BAGI and method 5 scoring 90 on the Analytical Eco-Scale, reflecting high eco-friendliness, minimal waste, and operational efficiency. In contrast, methods 6, 8, and 9 require optimization in hazardous material usage, energy consumption, and waste management. This study provides a framework for advancing environmentally sustainable analytical practices in pharmaceutical laboratories.