Biomagnetic field effects on pulsatile blood flow with gold nanoparticles through bifurcated artery with stenosis and aneurysm

Purpose This article provides a theoretical analysis and numerical simulation of bio-magnetic non-Newtonian pulsatile blood flow through a bifurcated artery with both stenosis and aneurysm, incorporating nanoparticles ( Au ). Blood flow is taken into account to be unsteady, incompressible, biomagnetic and non-Newtonian. Design/methodology/approach These flow processes are modeled mathematically by use of the continuity, momentum and energy partial differential equations. The finite element method (FEM) is then accustomed to numerically resolve the dimensionless governing equations. Findings The average Nusselt number ( <m:math xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><m:mrow><m:mover accent="true"><m:mrow><m:mi>N</m:mi><m:mi>u</m:mi></m:mrow><m:mo>¯</m:mo></m:mover></m:mrow></m:math> ), local Nusselt number ( Nu ), local wall shear stress (WSS), isotherm and velocity profile are among the important blood flow parameters that are the primary concern of the study. These characteristics are thoroughly investigated and found to be largely consistent with existing literature. The results, presented graphically, include velocity profiles, isotherms, local Nu , local WSS and average Nu for a range of magnetic numbers ( M nf = 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3), Reynolds numbers ( Re = 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300), power law indices ( n = 0.8, 0.9, 1.0) and nanoparticle volume fraction coefficients ( Φ = 0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06). The Prandtl number for the biofluid (blood) is assumed constant at Pr = 21. The findings suggest that the magnetic field, nanoparticle volume fraction, power law index and Reynolds number significantly influence the isotherms, velocity, heat transfer coefficients and WSS in pulsatile blood circulation across an artery that is bifurcated and has aneurysm and stenosis. Research limitations/implications One limitation of this study is that fluid–structure interaction was not taken into account. Additionally, we modeled the computational domain in 2D rather than 3D. While we assumed a homogeneous distribution of nanoparticles, this is not always accurate. Originality/value The investigation of the non-Newtonian biomagnetic fluid flow of blood with gold nanoparticles in arterial stenosis and aneurysm is novel. The present numerical method is validated for the nanofluids in an aneurysm-shaped computational domain which confirmed the results accuracy.