Free-Roaming Dog Versus Stray Dog: Which is better terminology for Rabies control?

Introduction: Dogs have been an integral part of human life and humansettlements. Free-roaming dogs, often lack formal ownership butremain integral to their surroundings. However, inconsistent terms like“stray” or “feral” shape public attitudes, frequently leading to neglectand harmful interventions. This review examines how language playsa role in shaping public health strategies and attitudes toward dogs,focusing on humane rabies control.Methods: Using a narrative review approach, the study examinesresearch articles, policy documents, and legal frameworks like thePrevention of Cruelty to Animals Act (1960), to assess the definitions,cultural attitudes, and rabies prevention strategies for humanemanagement practices.Results: Free-roaming dogs are diverse, ranging from independentferal dogs to community dogs cared for informally. Many remainunvaccinated and unmonitored, perpetuating rabies transmission.Achieving 70% vaccination coverage is critical to breaking this cycle.Success stories from Bhutan and Bali illustrate how humane strategiessuch as mass vaccination and sterilization outperform harmful practiceslike culling. Shifting from “stray dog” to “free-roaming dog” encouragescompassion, redefines public perceptions, and supports effectivemanagement.Conclusion: Aligning societal attitudes with humane legal frameworksfosters safer communities for humans and dogs alike. Adoptingcompassionate language and strategies promotes coexistence, protectspublic health, and ensures that free-roaming dogs are treated withdignity and respect. This simple change in terminology inspires a broadercultural shift toward humane treatment and sustainable solutions. How to cite this article: Jena P K, Agarwal S J, Kishore J, Sahu L S. Free-Roaming Dog Versus Stray Dog: Which is better terminology for Rabies control?. J Commun Dis.2025;57(1):185-190. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24321/0019.5138.202523