Prevalence of ocular injuries in construction workers in Mthatha, Eastern Cape, South Africa

Background: Construction workers face significant risks of ocular injuries because of exposure to hazardous materials, flying debris and dangerous equipment. Understanding the patterns and implications of such injuries is essential to improving workplace safety and preventive measures. Aim: This study aims to determine the prevalence, patterns and contributing factors of ocular injuries among construction workers in Mthatha. Setting: This study took place at Mthatha, Eastern Cape, South Africa. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 222 construction workers, selected through convenience sampling. Data were collected using self-administered online questionnaires and analysed using Statistical software suite (SPSS). Results: The prevalence of ocular injuries was 8.64%, with 19 participants reporting such injuries, while 91.36% had not experienced any. The majority perceived their eye health as good or excellent (90.95%). Sharp trauma (52.11%) was identified as the most common cause of injury. Unsafe working conditions and inadequate protective gear were observed as leading factors making injuries more likely, while 58.56% of participants reported no eye injuries at their workplaces in the previous year. The use of personal protective equipment (PPE) was highlighted as a key preventive strategy though challenges in its availability and use were reported. Conclusion: Strengthening workplace safety measures, ensuring stricter PPE enforcement, and enhancing safety education are essential to reducing ocular injuries. Incorporating ocular health awareness into workplace protocols can mitigate risks and economic burdens. Contribution: This study highlights the need for better safety practices and supports future research using clinic-based data.