Modeling of the <i>Sq</i> geomagnetic field induced by tidal oscillations of the atmosphere

The <italic>Sq</italic> (solar quiet) geomagnetic field is generated by the electric currents in the E-region of the ionosphere, driven by the atmospheric tides. It is a critical part of high-precision geomagnetic field modeling. Based on the classic thermal tide theory and atmospheric electrodynamics, this research, for the first time, developed an <italic>Sq</italic> geomagnetic field model that is directly built on the physical mechanism of the ionospheric dynamo, which is responsible for daily variations of the geomagnetic field. The performance in <italic>Sq</italic> geomagnetic field modeling was investigated using the Macau Science Satellite-1 (MSS-1) data. Our model can enhance the physics-based framework of comprehensive geomagnetic field modeling for the MSS-1 and ensuing missions.