Research on the Optimization of Building Skin Based on Light and Thermal Stability

在碳达峰、碳中和的时代背景下，酒店建筑能耗较高，是节能减碳的重要一环，对碳中和具有重要意义。酒店建筑的表皮设计，可以通过自遮阳等方式节约大量能源，从而降低碳排放。基于以上思考，文章构建了基于光照和热稳定性的建筑表皮优化流程，旨在能够对建筑遮阳及采光之间的矛盾与冲突进行合理的取舍，为相关建筑设计提供一定的启发。本研究以某酒店建筑的一间南向客房为例，在Rhino平台构建参数化模型，利用Honeybee和Ladybug两款插件，对建筑进行采光模拟和辐射得热模拟，同时采用Octopus进行多目标遗传算法优化，得到了建筑表皮方案的24个相对优解，并综合考虑采光与遮阳效果，得到了建筑表皮的最终方案。Under the background of carbon peak and carbon neutrality, the energy consumption of hotel buildings is high, which is an important part of energy saving and carbon reduction and is of great significance to carbon neutrality. The skin design of the hotel building can save a lot of energy by means of self-shading, thus reducing carbon emissions. Based on the above considerations, this paper constructs an optimization process of building skin based on light and thermal stability, aiming to make a reasonable choice between the contradiction and conflict between building shading and lighting and provide some inspiration for related architectural design. In this study, a southbound room of a hotel building is taken as an example. A parametric model is constructed on the Rhino platform, and two plugins, Honeybee and Ladybug, are used. The daylighting simulation and radiation heat gain simulation of the building were carried out. At the same time, Octopus was used for multi-objective genetic algorithm optimization, and 24 relative optimal solutions of the building skin scheme were obtained. Considering the lighting and shading effects, the final scheme of the building skin was obtained.