Study of Properties of Novel Geopolymers Prepared with Slate Stone Cutting Sludge and Activated with Olive Stone Bottom Ash

The sustainable development of building materials is based on reusing by-products to reduce environmental impact and promote alternatives to traditional materials. In this study, geopolymers were developed from by-products of the mining, ceramic, and thermal industries: slate stone cutting sludge (SSCS) and chamotte (CH) as aluminosilicate sources, and olive stone bottom ash (OSBA) as an alkaline activator, combined with sodium silicate (Na₂SiO₃). Eight geopolymer families were prepared with constant amounts of SSCS and CH and varying proportions of OSBA/Na₂SiO₃ (0.88-1.31). The evaluation phase included physical, chemical, mechanical, and microstructural tests. The results showed that the optimum geopolymer formulation (GP E) contained 25% SSCS, 15% CH, and 19% OSBA with a Na₂SiO₃/OSBA ratio of 1.0, achieving a compressive strength of 24.12 MPa after 28 days of curing. GP E also showed the lowest porosity (19.54%), minimal water absorption (6.86%), and favorable thermal conductivity (0.688 W/mK). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed the formation of dense and homogeneous matrices. These results demonstrate the feasibility of manufacturing geopolymers using SSCS, CH, and OSBA as substitutes for traditional binders, promoting sustainable practices, reusing industrial by-products, and reducing carbon emissions in construction.