Harnessing the potential of phenolic compounds to enhance date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) resistance against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. albedinis

Abstract The date palm ( Phoenix dactylifera L.) is essential for arid economies but faces significant threats from Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. albidinis (Foa), which causes Bayoud disease and creates a dilemma between genetic resistance and fruit quality. This study explores the role of phenolic compounds as natural bioactive agents in enhancing plant defense. We measured Total Phenolic Content (TPC) and we utilized reversed-phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) to identify specific phenolic acids in the roots and leaves of two rare cultivars, then performed an antifungal test. Our results revealed twelve phenolic acids linked to plant defense, many of which were previously unreported. Notably, the cultivar TIZ exhibited a TPC of 825.63 mg Gallic Acid Equivalent/100 g dry weight in leaves and demonstrated 79% inhibition of Foa at 1,000 ppm. These findings suggest that phenolic-rich cultivars like TIZ can effectively combat Bayoud disease, fostering sustainable agriculture and enhancing breeding programs aimed at improving disease resistance and fruit quality.