Modeling and Finite Element Analysis of Expansion Fracture Devices for Spacecraft Joining and Separating

使用切槽螺栓和NiTi合金作为关键部件的胀断器逐步被应用到航天器各种部件的连接与分离中。切槽螺栓的破断力受到多种因素的影响，进而影响胀断器的承载能力。以切槽螺栓为研究对象，基于ANSYS Workbench平台进行有限元分析计算。首先，利用SolidWorks软件建立切槽螺栓的三维几何模型。然后，建立网格模型并进行有限元计算。通过设计正交实验，考虑切槽深度，切槽宽度和预紧力矩对胀断器承载性能的影响，探究不同组合下切槽螺栓的承载能力。最后结合NiTi合金管的回复力优选出最大承载能力为42.34 Kg的切槽螺栓参数组合，其中切槽深度为0.9 mm，切槽宽度为3 mm，预紧力矩为6 Nm。Expansion Fracture Devices, which utilize grooved bolts and NiTi alloy as key components, are increasingly being employed for the connection and separation of various spacecraft components. The fracture force of grooved bolts is influenced by multiple factors, thereby affecting the load-bearing capacity of the expandable separation device. With grooved bolts as the research object, finite element analysis (FEA) was performed using the ANSYS Workbench platform. Initially, a three-dimensional geometric model of the grooved bolt was developed using SolidWorks software. An orthogonal experiment was designed to evaluate the effects of groove depth, groove width, and preload torque on the load-bearing performance of the expandable separation device, and to investigate the load-bearing capacity of the grooved bolt under various combinations. Finally, by leveraging the restoring force of the NiTi alloy tube, the optimal grooved bolt parameter combination was identified, achieving a maximum load-bearing capacity of 42.34 kg with a groove depth of 0.9 mm, a groove width of 3 mm, and a preload torque of 6 Nm.