Controlled-release pesticide nanofibers for sustainable agriculture: Effects of processing parameters on fiber morphology and release kinetics

This study aimed to develop a controlled release system for the carbamate insecticide fenobucarb using poly (lactic acid) (PLA) nanofibers produced by coaxial electrospinning.The objective was to produce core-shell nanofibers and evaluate their properties and fenobucarb release behaviour through several analytical techniques, including water contact angle measurements, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and highperformance liquid chromatography.The optimal parameters for electrospinning were found as 8 wt.% PLA for the shell, 98 wt.% fenobucarb for the core, with shell feed rates of 0.6 mL/h and 0.18 mL/h for the core, using an applied voltage of 16 kV and a tip-to-collector distance of 16 cm.The finished nanofibers contained up to 74.713% fenobucarb by weight, with a gradual release of 12.7% after one week and 66.12% after three months.These findings demonstrate the potential of fenobucarb/PLA nanofibers as a viable method for extended and controlled pesticide delivery, which could enhance long-term pest management effectiveness while reducing pesticide usage.This reduction not only minimizes environmental impact but also supports the development of a greener and more sustainable agriculture.