The Effects of Propolis and Docosahexaenoic Acid Supplementation on Broilers' Behaviour, Performance, Carcass Characteristics, and Hematological Parameters

The increasing concerns over antibiotic resistance have driven the search for natural alternatives to enhance the health and performance of broilers. Propolis (PR) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), known for their antimicrobial, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties, are promising candidates. This study investigated the effects of PR, DHA, and their combination on broilers' behaviour, performance, carcass traits, hematological parameters, and meat quality. A total of 200 one-day-old Cobb 500 broiler chicks were assigned to four dietary treatments: control (basal diet), PR (250 mg/kg), DHA (0.15%), and PR+DHA. The experiment lasted 35 days, with behavioral observations recorded via scan sampling. Growth performance, hematology, serum biochemistry, organ weights, and sensory meat quality were evaluated. Results demonstrated that PR and DHA supplementation, either alone or in combination, increased active behaviours while reducing inactivity. The PR+DHA group achieved the highest body weight, weight gain, and feed intake, alongside improved antioxidant status. Meat quality was enhanced in treated groups, with PR+DHA showing superior sensory attributes. No adverse effects were observed in hematological parameters or organ weights. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with PR, DHA, or their combination improved broiler behaviour, growth, antioxidant capacity, and meat quality, with the most significant benefits observed in the PR+DHA group. These findings support the use of PR and DHA as natural alternatives to antibiotics in broiler production.