Prevalence of uro-bacterial pathogen in relation to risk factors associated with diabetic patients in south-southern Nigeria

Background: Urinary tract infection is one of the most common long-term complications of diabetes mellitus (DM). The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of uro-bacterial pathogens among diabetic patients in Akwa Ibom State. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out across the three Senatorial Districts of Akwa Ibom State, with a total sample size of 300 diabetic patients between the ages of 20 and 70 years, using standard methods. Results: A total prevalence rate of 25 (8.3%) of uro-pathogens (Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, Staphylococcus sciuri, Enterococcus feacalis and Aerococcus urinae), with Escherichia coli being the highest isolates of 9(36.0%), was isolated. The most frequent isolates were among Type 11 diabetic undergoing treatment and patients with previous UTI showed a total positive of 21(7.00%), the patients with no previous UTI and without treatment were 4(1.33%) and 9(3.00%) respectively. Analysis shows significant difference at (p<0.05) among different types of diabetics, patients with previously diagnosis UTI and patients with early antibiotics treatment. Antibiotic susceptibility profile showed 100% sensitive to Ofloxacin(5ug), Levofloxacin (5ug), Imipenem (10ug) and 95% sensitive to Cefuroxine (30ug) Ceftriaxone (30ug) to both Gram positive and Negative. All isolates were resistant to Gentamycin (10ug), Erythromycin (15ug) Azithromycin (15ug), Nitrofurantoin (30ug), and 50% resistant to Imipenem (10ug) Nalidixic acid (30ug) and Ciprofloxacin (5ug). Conclusion: Based on these findings, we conclude that the prevalence of urinary tract infection and risk factors among diabetic patients in Akwa Ibom State is low as overall rate of 8.3% was obtained.