EFFECT OF RANIBIZUMAB INJECTION ON DIABETIC MACULAR OEDEMA IN NON-PROLIFERATIVE DIABETIC RETINOPATHY BY OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY

Macular oedema arises when fluid collects in the macula. This disorder alters vision when the macula enlarges and thickens. Macular oedema results from any disease that injures the retinal blood vessels. Macular oedema is often induced by diabetic retinopathy, a disorder that can impact individuals with diabetes. Macular oedema in diabetes is characterized by retinal thickening within 2 disc diameters of the macula's center, caused by micro vascular changes that disrupt the blood-retinal barrier, resulting in the leakage of plasma components into the adjacent retina and subsequent retinal oedema. Focal oedema is related to the presence of hard exudate rings caused by leaking from micro aneurysms. Diffuse oedema arises from the exudation of fluid from micro aneurysms, arterioles, and retinal arteries. Clinically significant macular oedema (CSME) greatly worsens the issue of diabetes, which is already the top cause of new visual impairment in the US.Treatment of DME Anti-VEGF Drugs• Aflibercept. • Ranibizumab.• Bevacizumab