Comparative Analysis and Semiotic Approach to the 12-Year Animal Calendar of the Turks of Southern Siberia and the Kazakhs as a Cultural Artifact

Research problem: The article provides a semiotic-comparative analysis of nomadic forms of chronology of the Turkic peoples of Southern Siberia and the Kazakhs. To date, it is relevant to study the ideological basis of the 12-year-old Nomad–Turkic animal calendar - Tengrianism which has complex socio-cultural forms of regulation of human relations that promote interpersonal, interethnic solidarity and cooperation. One of the little-studied problems is a comparative study of the 12-year animal calendar of the Turkic peoples (Teleuts, Tuvans, Kazakhs), which is not only a complex system of cultural adaptation of the life of these peoples to the environment, but also acts as one of the important cultural regulators of the daily life of the Turkic peoples.The aim of the study is a comparative and semiotic analysis of the genesis of sacred time in the form of a 12–year animal calendar of the Turkic nomadic peoples of Southern and Western Siberia. The novelty of the research lies in the comparative and semiotic analysis of the concept of sacred time in the Turkic culture based on the identification of common and different in the forms and ways of organizing their cultural life and in the intercultural communication of the Turkic peoples (Teleuts, Tuvans, Kazakhs).Theoretical and methodological approach : in this article uses comparative and semiotic approaches, the method of cultural relativism, the remote method (R. Benedict), the indigenous methodology of research (C.K. Lamazhaa), as well as methodological studies of Turkologists (Abaev N.V., Mongush B. B., etc.)Research results: Research implemented in 2 thematic blocks "Sacred time in the cultural life of Teleuts and Kazakhs" and "12-year animal calendar as a regulator of the everyday culture of Tuvans, Teleuts and Kazakhs", the following provisions are proved: the genesis and role of the 12-year calendar in the everyday culture of the Teleuts, Tuvans, Kazakhs is substantiated on the basis of identifying typical features, features of the functioning of the model of sacred time in the context of the culture of these peoples, the uniqueness, the manifestation of the sacred time in their daily life is determined by the features;; comparative, semiotic analysis of traditions, customs and holidays, age groups, family life of the Turks of Southern and Western Siberia, based on a 12-year-old animal.on the calendar corresponding to the biorhythms of nature.The 12-year animal calendar of the Turkic nomadic peoples of Southern and Western Siberia, having an archetypal unity of origin, after the adoption of Islam by the Kazakhs and the penetration of Buddhism into the Sayano-Altai Highlands was transformed into the corresponding ideological systems.