<scp>EEG</scp>‐Based Epilepsy Recognition via Federated Learning With Differential Privacy

ABSTRACT Epilepsy is a complex chronic brain disorder that can be identified by observing brain signals. In general, the electroencephalogram (EEG) can be used to detect these brain signals. In order to produce a high‐quality model, data from numerous patients can be gathered on a central server. However, sending the patient's raw data to the central computer may lead to privacy leakage. To address this problem, this work uses federated learning and differential privacy to train the model jointly. Furthermore, the epilepsy data is unbalanced as seizure only happens for a minority of time in one day, which influences the performance of the model. Thus, this work also uses label‐distribution‐aware‐margin (LDAM) loss to solve this issue. This work is evaluated in intracranial EEG datasets, which consist of two dogs' EEG records. The global model trained jointly with LDAM loss can achieve an accuracy of 96.95%, a sensitivity of 78.9%, a specificity of 96.145%, an F1 score of 70.435%, and a geometric mean of 87.785%. Compared with the other works, the accuracy has improved by about ˜9.31%, while the specificity and the geometric mean have also improved by about ˜10.75% and ˜1.8%, respectively.