A comprehensive investigation of kinetic and thermodynamic analysis to catalytic pyrolysis bamboo with N-doped biochar

• A comprehensive analysis of kinetic and thermodynamic parameters was performed. • N-doped biochar decreases Eα and A (still > 10 14 s −1 ) for efficient pyrolysis . • The possible reaction is chemical or/and diffusion, or/and nucleation. • KAS, Starink models showed that the reaction was endothermic. Phenolic compounds are important platform chemicals that can be obtained from biomass pyrolysis . In this investigation, we incorporated an N-doped biochar catalyst into biomass pyrolysis to improve the production of valuable phenolics. Kinetic analysis is carried out to investigate the reaction mechanism and examine the thermodynamic parameters associated with the catalytic pyrolysis of bamboo. The activation energy is determined using the iso -conversional kinetic models, and the average Eα calculated using the iso -conversional kinetic models KAS, Friedman, Starink, and Kissinger are 168.46, 166.30, 169.35, and 164.17 kJ/mol, respectively. The results demonstrate that N-doped biochar effectively lowers the activation energy Furthermore, the thermodynamic parameters, including the pre-exponential factor (A), enthalpy (ΔH), Gibbs free energy (ΔG), and entropy (ΔS), are analyzed for the exploration of N-doped biochar. The master plot reveals that the catalytic pyrolysis of bamboo using N-doped biochar predominantly follows the reaction mechanisms of chemical processes, and/or diffusion, and/or nucleation. This investigation contributes to a more thorough knowledge of the mechanism of catalysis by N-doped biochar and facilitates the environmentally friendly and efficient preparation of phenolics.