Sonoporation with Echogenic Liposomes: The Evaluation of Glioblastoma Applicability Using In Vivo Xenograft Models

<b>Objective</b>: In previous studies, echogenic liposomes with liquid and gas cores were analyzed as alternative carriers of drug molecules and cavitation nuclei for sonoporation. The possibility of small interfering RNA (si-RNA) encapsulation has also been presented. In this study, the usability of echogenic liposomes as drug carriers and cavitation seeds was evaluated using an in vivo model. <b>Methods</b>: A doxorubicin-loaded echogenic liposome was synthesized as a drug carrier. The size distribution and the number of formed echogenic liposomes were measured. Five comparative in vivo experiments were conducted with and without doxorubicin-loaded echogenic liposomes, and the results were statically analyzed. <b>Results</b>: Sonoporation with doxorubicin-loaded echogenic liposomes at 3.05 W/cm² of ISPTA ultrasound sonication and 0.98 MHz results in an average tumor volume growth of less than 25% of that following the simple administration of doxorubicin. Considering the <i>p</i>-value between the two groups is approximately 0.03, doxorubicin-loaded echogenic liposomes were effectively applicable as cavitation nuclei for sonoporation. <b>Conclusions</b>: Although further studies are needed to clarify the responses to incident ultrasound fields, the proposed echogenic liposome appears to be a promising alternative cavitation nuclei/carrier for sonoporation.