FEATURES OF FOUNDATION ARRANGEMENT IN FLOODED AND POTENTIALLY FLOODED TERRITORIES

To address the challenges posed by unexpectedly waterlogged soils of soft-plastic and plastic consistency during the construction of underground parking lots and protective shelters, it is crucial to adopt effective foundation preparation methods. The most reliable approach involves the use of crushed stone cushions combined with formation drainage. However, the significant depth of the pits and the absence of gravity drainage often make this method impractical.For low-rise buried structures, a crushed stone cushion up to 30 cm thick is sufficient. This thickness is effective because the mass of the excavated soil is comparable to the pressure exerted on the foundation's base. With a deformation modulus of 8-10 MPa, such a cushion ensures minimal settlement of structures, even on weak soils. In the case of multi-storey buildings, a more robust solution is required. A two-layer crushed stone cushion, 50 cm thick, is recommended. The lower layer should consist of stones with a fraction size of 40-70 mm, while the upper layer should have a fraction size of 20-40 mm. After compaction, this cushion achieves a deformation modulus of 20-Additionally, the implementation of formation drainage systems, where feasible, can significantly enhance the effectiveness of these crushed stone cushions. These systems help manage water levels and prevent the accumulation of waterlogged soils, thereby maintaining the integrity and stability of the foundation over time.In summary, while the preparation of foundations in waterlogged soils presents challenges, the strategic use of crushed stone cushions and formation drainage can provide effective solutions. For low-rise structures, a 30 cm thick cushion is adequate, whereas multi-storey buildings benefit from a two-layer cushion with a total thickness of 50 cm. These measures ensure that even in the presence of weak soils, the foundations remain stable and secure.