ANALYSIS OF ENERGY SAVING AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY METHODS AND THEIR IMPLEMENTATION ON UKRAINIAN RAILWAYS

Due to the growing global focus on reducing energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions, rail transport has been recognised as a critical area for the introduction of energy efficient technologies. Ukrainian railways, as an important component of the national transport system, face challenges related to outdated infrastructure, energy-intensive operations, and limited integration of modern energy-saving solutions. The article discusses ways to improve energy efficiency and use of energy-saving technologies on Ukrainian railways. Some of the current problems, such as over-reliance on diesel locomotives, insufficient electrification and the use of outdated technologies that are not environmentally friendly, were raised. A number of examples from Japan, the US and Australia are also expanding energy efficiency practices, including the use of hybrid trains, energy recovery systems and eco-stations. The focus of the article is on recognising the importance of changing outdated structures and using modern technologies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, resource misuse and overall efficiency. Among the measures discussed are gas-fired power plants, renewable energy sources and battery-powered trains, the benefits and cost-effectiveness of which may be of interest for further implementation. The article underscores the importance of integrating energy efficiency into the strategic development plans for Ukrainian railways. By adopting a holistic approach that combines technological innovation, policy support, and workforce training, the railway sector can achieve significant energy savings and contribute to Ukraine’s broader sustainability goals. The findings suggest that these measures not only enhance operational efficiency but also strengthen the competitiveness of Ukrainian railways in the regional and global transportation markets.