Advancements in modeling compressive fracture in concrete using condensed high aspect ratio interface elements

Accurately predicting concrete failure under compression remains a challenging task in numerical modeling.Manzoli et al. [1] introduced the Mesh Fragmentation Technique, which employs high aspect ratio interface elements between standard mesh elements to define potential crack paths.Building on this, Gimenes et al. [2] proposed an extended approach using a two-layer condensed interface element.This enhancement enables the effective modeling of compressive failure as a combination of debonding (mode-I) and sliding (mode-II) cracking, governed by tensile and shear-frictional constitutive damage models, respectively.This study highlights recent advancements in using condensed high aspect ratio interface elements to model compressive fracture in concrete.The approach is particularly well-suited for mesoscale modeling, successfully simulating uniaxial compression tests on both conventional and recycled aggregate concrete [2].It also provides insight into the role of individual phases -aggregate, mortar matrix, and the interfacial transition zone -in the material's response.Additionally, the method can easily simulate varying friction conditions between concrete specimens and steel loading plates.The technique is evaluated for its suitability in analyzing structural elements, such as reinforced concrete beams, on a macroscale level.The results demonstrate that the model accurately represents failure modes, including concrete crushing and shear-compression.Using two independent damage variables also allows for a clear assessment of the predominant failure mechanisms in different beam configurations.