Features of growth and development of Maackia amurensis Rupr. et Maxim. in the South Ural

Maackia amurensis Rupr. et Maxim. is a valuable medicinal, ornamental and melliferous plant of the Fabaceae family, the natural habitat of which is located within the southern Far East, Northeast China and Korea. Various parts of this plant have hepatoprotective, antioxidant, antibacterial, fungicidal and antitumor properties. In the South Ural Botanical Garden-Institute of the Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Maackia amurensis has been grown since 2001, and currently there are two adult specimens. For 18 years, phenological observations were carried out, winter hardiness and some biological characteristics of seeds were studied. It has been established that Maackia amurensis goes through all phases of seasonal development in the climatic conditions of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The beginning of the growing season, according to long-term average data, was noted on May 7; the average date of the beginning of flowering was recorded on July 14, which coincides with the data for this phase in natural conditions in the Far East and in Siberia. Seeds ripen on average in mid-September, soil germination is 65-72%, which is higher than the germination rate of seeds collected in natural growing conditions. The duration of the growing season of Maackia amurensis in Ufa is on average 147 days, winter hardiness is rated the highest score. All this allows us to draw a conclusion about the success of the introduction of this species in the Southern Urals and recommend it for use in landscaping settlements of the Republic of Bashkortostan.