Nanomedical technologies for bacterial infection prevention and novel perspectives in surgery

This paper provides an overview of the current state-of-the-art for using nanotechnology achievements in medicine in Russia and abroad. The perspectives and challenges associated with the development and implementation of antibacterial nanocoatings in the industry of creating medical implants, instruments and medical devices are considered. Synthesis and technologies for deposition of antibacterial nanocoatings on the surface of medical implants and surgical products and materials are discussed. The results of preliminary research in the field of nanomedicine technologies and their various applications in surgery, as well as future perspectives, are presented. The authors support the effectiveness of using nanotechnology to impart antibacterial properties to implants in order to prevent postoperative complications, the fact ensuring improved quality, service life and reliability of the implants. Nanocoatings on the surface of medical implants and surgical materials allow providing their antibacterial and barrier properties, high strength, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, as well as the necessary favorable physical properties. As demonstrated, based on the analysed published Russian and foreign papers, the application of functional nanocoatings to implants and medical instruments allows solving numerous problems in medicine: in particular, it prevents penetration of toxic substances from implant materials into the body, biofilm formation on implants, infectious complications, since some nanofilms have antibacterial properties; it increases the service life and reliability of implants due to the anticorrosive activity of titanium nanocoatings and, most importantly, improves the quality of life of patients. The paper describes the fundamental principles of atomic layer deposition (ALD) nanomedicine technologies and the effectiveness of their application for solving a wide range of medical problems, as well as the competitiveness of the developed national technology compared to world analogues.