Enhancing the structural and antibacterial properties of soybean hull fibers via alkali treatment and zinc oxide nanocoating

The increasing demand for eco-friendly and antibacterial textiles necessitates the development of natural fibers with enhanced durability and functionality. However, soybean hull fibers, or soybean fibers, suffer from poor oxidative stability and susceptibility to bacterial contamination., largely due to their hydrophilic nature, limiting their potential in textile applications. In this study, an alkali treatment is applied to clean the fibers and make more cellulose visible, and then a dip-coating with ZnO nanoparticles is done to strengthen the fiber properties. The results indicate that ZnO coating significantly increased surface roughness (from 21.35 to 46.43 µm) and density (from 0.67 to 1.12 g/cm³), while also enhancing thermal stability. Additionally, the treated fibers were washed well to check how much ZnO stayed on them, and tests showed a significant drop in bacteria sticking to the fibers, proving that ZnO is effective in improving antibacterial properties. This research helps improve natural fiber-based textiles that are both eco-friendly and functional, providing a possible option for hygiene-sensitive uses and showing the wider potential of using agricultural waste fibers around the world. • Alkali treatment and ZnO coating enhance soybean hull fiber properties. • ZnO coating improves fiber roughness, density, and antibacterial performance. • Treated fibers show increased thermal stability and bacterial resistance. • Surface modification enhances fiber durability for eco-friendly applications. • Potential for antimicrobial textiles in hygiene-sensitive industries.