Analysis of heat treatment on hydrogen impurities associated to Zn vacancy and other intrinsic defects in ZnO nanoparticles

This paper will present a comprehensive examination of unintentional hydrogen impurity in ZnO along with its stability and application. Results are based on the sampled synthesized by hydrothermal technique. The unique outcome of this study is co-existence of Zn and Hydrogen impurity including their complexes. Moreover, the existence and role of Zn and O di-vacancies also discussed. Synthesized nanoparticles analyzed by using XRD pattern, photoluminescence spectrum, Raman spectrum and positron annihilation experiment. The broad luminescence in visible region confirms the presence of different defects and impurities. Breakdown of the translation symmetry of the ZnO lattice also discussed based on Raman spectrum. Positron life time components provide the support to define the role of hydrogen impurity.