A saúde muscular pode influenciar na anemia de pacientes em hemodiálise?

Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients experience complications stemming from advanced disease and its treatment, including anemia and musculoskeletal alterations. These conditions may interrelate and contribute to adverse outcomes. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the association between anemia and sarcopenia and its components—muscle strength and muscle mass—in patients with CKD undergoing hemodialysis (HD). Methods: This was a cross-sectional study involving chronic HD patients of both sexes. Data collection included sociodemographic, laboratory, clinical, and anthropometric variables, along with handgrip strength measurements. Sarcopenia was diagnosed based on the criteria established by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2. Patients were compared according to the presence or absence of anemia, and categorical variables were analyzed using Pearson’s chisquare test or Fisher’s exact test. We applied a multivariate logistic regression model, using the presence of anemia as the dependent variable. Results: The sample included 116 patients with a mean age of 58 ± 12.2 years, of whom 68.1% were male. Among the patients, 66.4% did not present sarcopenia, 18.1% were diagnosed with probable sarcopenia, and 15.5% with sarcopenia. Sarcopenia was associated with age, comorbidities, body mass index, and hemoglobin levels. Anemia was diagnosed in 84.5% of participants and was associated with sarcopenia (p < 0.05), though not with its components. Probable sarcopenia (OR 6.1; 95% CI: 1.4–26.3; p = 0.015) and confirmed sarcopenia (OR 12.9; 95% CI: 1.3–130.9; p = 0.030) increased the likelihood of anemia. Conclusions: Our findings confirmed the relationship between anemia and sarcopenia in chronic HD patients, suggesting that sarcopenia may be associated with the occurrence of anemia.