Comprehensive Study of Fractal Antenna Performance Characteristics through SRR Superstrate Integration for Next-Generation Wireless Communication Systems

The rapid growth of fifth-generation (5G) communication networks needs for the development of highly effective antennas that can meet specific requirement, including small size, high gain, and broad bandwidth. In this research, a fractal antenna with a superstrate based on Split Ring Resonators (SRRs) is designed and analysed for sub-6 GHz 5G applications. The proposed design of antenna is operate at 5.65GHz, which consists of three layers separated by specific distance. The bottom layer is a ground plane, middle layer is fractal antenna and top layer consist of 3×3 SRR array as superstrate. The gain enhancement of single fractal antenna is achieved through the superstrate. According to parametric studies, a maximal gain of 9.7 dBi can be achieved by placing the superstrate 30 mm from the antenna. The antenna's performance has been investigated using S-parameters and radiation patterns, which demonstrate a -25 dB return loss at 5.65GHz and a -10dB bandwidth of 300 MHz. The proposed design effectively addresses the difficulties of attaining high gain and miniaturization of antenna, making it suitable for sub-6GHz next-generation 5G communication systems.