MIMO Smartphone Antenna with Compact Hook-Shaped Monopole Elements for 5G Handheld Devices

The increasing need for multi-port MIMO antennas, driven largely by the advancements in technologies like 5G networks, has highlighted a significant area of research. This paper introduces an innovative design for a MIMO antenna, specifically tailored for applications in the sub-6 GHz frequency bands, which are critical for the 5G cellular communications. The design features discrete-fed inverted hook-shaped monopole resonators, a choice that provides excellent characteristics for such applications. The uniqueness of the antenna design is further emphasized by its configuration, which includes eight hook-shaped resonators onto the same layer as the ground. This design choice allows the antenna to operate within the 3.4 to 3.6 GHz, matching the requirements for sub-6 GHz communications.