A Sliding Mode Control Approach for Maximum Power Point Tracking and Efficiency Optimization of Photovoltaic Systems in Isolated Microgrids

In the present scenario, PV systems are in high demand due to directly converting solar energy into electric power, generating power without damaging the environment. The sophisticated topology consists of a Boost Converter that raises the PV voltage to a level where the inverter can produce the necessary single-phase AC output voltage of 230V, 50Hz. A single-phase inverter is employed to sequentially process the output of the step-up converter sequentially, ensuring the generation of the requisite amount and frequency of electric energy. To optimize power extraction from the PV system, the perturb and observe MPPT algorithm is utilized. This study focuses on constructing an SMC tailored to the specific type of PV cell and its characteristics to achieve the desired inverter output voltage. The design of the Sliding Mode Controller and system stability analysis using a state space model are the primary goals of the work. Efficient tracking is used to confirm the controller's performance and achieve the intended 230V output voltage response. The properties of frequency response are used to derive stability studies. The dynamic and nonlinear characteristics of the load are analyzed and juxtaposed with traditional Proportional Integral (PI) and Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controllers. The Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) of the output voltage adheres to IEEE 519 standards, while the frequency remains in compliance with IEEE 1547.1 standards. The suggested topology be made for stand-alone applications using MATLAB/SIMULINK, and OPAL-RT is used for validation.