Analysis of Charging and Discharging Characteristics Across Various Battery Types

The charging and discharging behaviours of lead-acid and lithium-ion batteries, individually and in combination, differ. Lead-acid batteries are valued for their affordability and quick discharge, while lithium-ion batteries are preferred for their lighter weight, faster charging, and better thermal management. Integrating these batteries, especially in automotive applications, introduces challenges in efficiently managing their charging and discharging processes. This paper identifies key inefficiencies through experimental analysis and proposes a method to determine battery energy capacity accurately, considering operational and environmental factors. The findings aim to improve the reliability and efficiency of systems using mixed battery types.