DFDNet: Deep Feature Decoupling for Oriented Object Detection

Objects in remote sensing images exhibit diverse orientations. Current oriented object detection (OOD) methods estimate object angle by designing different loss functions and bounding box representations. However, these approaches do not account for the effects of coupling between rotation-equivariant and rotation-invariant features on the regression of oriented bounding box (OBB) parameters. We manifest the problem in two aspects, (1) <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">The coupling of parameters with different attributes</i>. Current OOD methods overlook the inherent differences among features representing an object’s location, scale, and angle, making it challenging to accurately predict OBB parameters with different attributes. (2) <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">The coupling of object and background features</i>. Conventional OOD methods apply convolution kernels uniformly across objects and background regions, leading to feature entanglement and degradation in detection performance. To address the above issues, we propose Deep Feature Decoupling Network (DFDNet) to decouple the extracted features. Specifically, we propose Parameter Regression Decoupling (PRD) to separate feature maps based on their attributes, subsequently assigning them to distinct branches for OBB parameter regression. This approach ensures the decoupling of features related to an object’s location, shape, angle, and category. Additionally, to enhance the ability of OOD networks to differentiate between object and background features, we design the Mask Reinforcement Module (MRM), which is integrated into the PRD branches. The MRM dynamically adjusts the weights of object features, suppressing background interference and enhancing the distinction between object and background features. Extensive experiments conducted on the DOTA, HRSC2016, and UCAS-AOD datasets validate the effectiveness of DFDNet, demonstrating that it achieves state-of-the-art performance.