A RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF THE FREQUENCY AND TYPES OF COMPLICATIONS AFTER THYROID SURGERY: THE CLINICAL ASPECT

Goal. To evaluate the frequency and types of complications after thyroid surgery performed at the Republican Clinical Hospital in Makhachkala, and compare the results with data from other studies. Materials and methods. In the period from 2023 to 2024, a retrospective analysis of the data of patients who underwent thyroid surgery was conducted. The analysis included information on demographic characteristics, preoperative diagnoses, types of operations performed, and the frequency of postoperative complications. All the data was published in a digital database, and standard surgical and diagnostic methods were used, including ultrasound and laryngoscopy. Results. The data of 18 patients with various forms of thyroid pathology were analyzed, of which 42% experienced temporary damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerve, and 8% experienced permanent damage during the first operation. Autotransplantation of the parathyroid glands made it possible to avoid cases of permanent hypoparathyroidism. The complication rate in our study is comparable to the data from the world literature. Conclusions. Total thyroidectomy is the preferred method of treating complex current cases of thyroid pathology. The preservation of the parathyroid glands and the use of modern technologies can reduce the risk of complications.