Design Approach towards ‘Low to Net’ Zero Carbon Retrofit of Mixed-use Building in Abu Dhabi

Buildings are a substantial contributor to climate change. Accordingly, several high-performing building concepts have emerged, including low-energy buildings, zero-carbon buildings (ZCBs), nearly zero-carbon buildings (nZCBs), and sustainable buildings, applicable to both new constructions and retrofitting. Traditional retrofitting strategy applied in a mixed-use building only consider the structural envelope, lighting and HVAC systems, without much focus on the type of function housed inside the building. Understanding the impact of vertical functional zoning is crucial for developing targeted retrofit strategies that optimize energy efficiency and reduce carbon footprints in mixed-use buildings. The objective of this study is to investigate and identify strategies for achieving low-to-net zero emissions during the façade retrofitting process of existing mixed-use buildings in Abu Dhabi. In this research, a methodology combining qualitative analysis and simulation modelling has been chosen to effectively address the objectives and subject matter. The initial phase involves conducting a thorough literature review, specifically focusing on the methods and techniques used in retrofitting mixed-use buildings to achieve the transition from low to net-zero carbon concept. Additionally, the study explores the influence of vertical zoning parameters on the energy consumption and carbon emissions using Building Information Modelling (BIM) application within the context of façade retrofitting. Research results indicate that the type, order and height of functions within the mixed-use building significantly impact the annual energy consumption and total cost. Whereas, carbon emissions are mainly impacted by the order of function. This endeavour necessitates the development of appropriate design specifications considering the vertical zoning parameters, a comprehensive understanding of intervention sequencing, and the implementation of innovative practices.