A rare consequence of snakebite: A case report and literature review

Snakebites can have a diverse array of symptoms, manifesting both locally and systemically. Local symptoms include mainly swelling and pain. Rarely some patients can develop compartment syndrome. The symptoms of a snakebite can mimic those of compartment, potentially causing a delay diagnosis and treatment which can lead to devastating and a long-lasting disability. We present a case of an eight-year-old female who presented with systemic envenomation after a snakebite to her left lower leg. Upon arrival, she received supportive care, including antivenom, and demonstrated a good systemic response. However, her leg swelling and pain gradually worsened. She was examined daily by orthopedic surgeons. Clinical examinations initially showed no signs of compartment syndrome until 68 h after admission, when a passive stretch test became positive, and intra-compartmental pressure was found to be elevated. The patient was promptly taken to the operating room for compartment release. The muscles showed no ischemia and two weeks after the release primary closure was done. This case highlights the importance of clinician vigilance and awareness of the potential for delayed onset of compartment syndrome following a snakebite. Our patient was diagnosed and treated in a timely manner, resulting in complete recovery without permanent disability.