Multi-locus transcranial magnetic stimulation with pulse-width modulation
Motor responses with trapezoidal and PWM pulses were equivalent when using two or three coils concurrently, but some differences were found with five coils. Using PWM with multi-coil TMS device to control the stimulation targets in millisecond-scale is feasible, although more research is needed to understand the neurophysiological effects of increasing coil count.
Authors
- Matti Stenroos
- Risto Juhani Ilmoniemi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3340-2618)
- A. Soto (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6807-9144)
- Lari M. Koponen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8054-2699)
- Elena Ukharova (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4178-9330)
- Ilkka Rissanen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6442-1061)
- Renan H. Matsuda (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1927-4824)
- Tuomas P. Mutanen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5995-8307)
- Victor H. Souza (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0254-4322)
- Jaakko O. Nieminen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7826-3519)
- Heikki Sinisalo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0037-8378)
- Mikael Laine (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5534-9170)
Institutions
- Universidade de Ribeirão Preto (BR)
- Universidade de São Paulo (BR)
- Aalto University (FI)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Brain stimulation
- Published
- 2025-04-14
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brs.2025.04.014
- Citations
- 11
- Primary Topic
- Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 9.26
Funders
- European Commission
- Academy of Finland
- Aalto-Yliopisto
- Suomen Kulttuurirahasto
- Novo Nordisk
- Novo Nordisk Fonden
- Hämeen Rahasto
- H2020 European Research Council