Is energy system resilience improved in the energy transition? Evidence from China

Improving energy resilience, as a crucial strategy to resist the risk associated with energy systems in the context of increasing uncertainty, is a meaningful research direction whether it can be realized during the energy transition phase. This study empirically assesses the correlation between energy transition and energy resilience. It also explores their heterogeneity and the potential impact mechanisms using balanced panel data for 30 provinces in 17 years in China. The results are as follows: (i) Energy transition can enhance the resilience of the energy system; (ii) there is regional heterogeneity in this positive boosting effect, and the differences are due to the different types of renewable energy sources ; (iii) green technology innovation and green finance are effective mediators between energy transition and energy resilience. Some effective and practical policy suggestions are proposed, and policymakers should uphold the principle of adapting to local conditions and a systematic regional differentiation policy. • We analyze the relationship between energy transition and energy resilience. • There is regional heterogeneity in the impact of energy transition on energy resilience. • Different levels of energy resilience have fluctuating impacts on energy transition. • Green technological level and green finance can be used as a mediating variable.