Organizational and individual determinants of organizational cynicism. Cynicism and occupational burnout

Purpose: The aim of this review of research was to present the issue of organizational cynicism and its individual and organizational determinants. In addition, the relationship between burnout and organizational cynicism was discussed, which focused on an attempt to answer the question of whether cynicism leads to burnout or is a defensive reaction to burnout. A new direction of research was indicated, which concerns emotional predispositions that may allow for understanding this relationship. Instead, organizational cynicism is determined by individual and organizational factors, and the aim of this paper is to present findings in this area. Research conducted by scientists indicates many questions that remain unanswered. The main direction of research concerns the relationship between organizational cynicism and burnout. This topic is presented in this article. Design/methodology/approach: The main research method was a critical analysis of the relationship between burnout and organizational cynicism. Findings: It was found that the research that was not conducted does not provide a clear answer to the questions about the relationship between burnout and organizational cynicism. The review of research indicates the need to take into account psychological variables. Research limitations/implications: The presented review of research indicates that it would be worthwhile to deepen the understanding of the emotional and behavioral component of organizational cynicism in the future. In addition, it is also advisable to search for the psychological determinants of cynical attitudes in organizations. Practical implications: Research indicates that focusing on the organizational determinants of cynicism is insufficient. In understanding this phenomenon, it may be helpful to take into account the emotional sphere of employees, which accompany burnout and organizational cynicism. Originality/value: A review of the research allows us to understand the need to continue research in this area, because many questions still remain unanswered. It presents the findings to date and indicates the need to include variables in emotional research. Keywords: organisational cynicism, occupational burnout, types of cynicism, determinants of cynicism. Category of the paper: Literature review.