The prospect of <i>jeumpa</i> (<i>Magnolia champaca</i> L.) as an anti-skin photoaging agent based on network pharmacology

Abstract Magnolia champaca L., known as jeumpa ( cempaka kuning ), holds a significant cultural identity for the people of Aceh and was traditionally utilized in the sacred ceremonies. The yellow champaca flower is known for producing a distinctively aromatic essential oil, which has been developed into a raw material for world-class cosmetics and perfumes. Despite its designation as the official floral emblem of Aceh, the yellow champaca has become increasingly rare in the region. This scarcity is partly due to the lack of public awareness about its potential uses, leading to a decline in its cultivation. This study employs an in silico approach to analyze the potential of cempaka kuning essential oil in preventing premature skin aging. The essential oil extracted from yellow champaca flowers through steam distillation was subjected to GC-MS analysis to identify its active compounds. In silico analysis revealed that the yellow champaca essential oil could prevent premature skin aging by targeting proteins associated with this process, specifically AKT1, EGFR, TNF, ESR1, NFKB1, TLR4, SIRT1 and PPARG. Based on these findings, this research aims to encourage the Acehnese community and government to reassess the potential uses of yellow champaca , ensuring that this plant continues to serve as Aceh’s regional floral symbol.