Applications of radiated tri-hybrid nanoparticles (TiO2-CuO-SiO2) on the thermal performance of engine oil (SA E10W-30): A case study on HNF and MNF

Owing to superior thermal performances, the suspension of tri hybrid nanoparticles presents valuable applications across advanced heat transfer systems, heat exchangers, energy-efficient systems, aerospace engineering, automobile industries and biomedical applications. Current investigation seeks thermal insight to nonlinear radiated flow of tri hybrid nanofluid by using the non-Fourier heat flux model. A uniform suspension of three distinct category of nanoparticles including titanium oxide ( T i O 2 ) , silicon dioxide ( S i O 2 ) and copper oxide ( C u O ) are utilized. The engine oil ( S A E 10 W − 30 ) is treated as a base material. The thermal performances of engine oil are important in automobile industry to enhance thermal fuel efficiency, protecting against corrosion and balancing the optimal operating temperature. The heat generation and convective thermal constraints are followed to study current model. The flow is subject to elastic stretching sheet. The governing equations are developed under certain thermal constraints. For solution methodology, the shooting scheme is implemented. The computational thermal simulations are for mono nanofluid (MNF), hybrid nanofluid (HNF) and tri hybrid nanomaterial (THNF). The results for skin friction and Nusselt number are also graphically compiled.