Comparison of Lattice Discrete Particle Model (LDPM) implementations: lessons learned and future work

The Lattice Discrete Particle Model (LDPM) is a discrete mesoscale model of concrete that can accurately describe the macroscopic behavior of concrete during elastic, fracturing, softening, and hardening regimes.The LDPM formulation is obtained by modeling the interaction among coarse meso-scale aggregate pieces between polyhedral cells (each containing one aggregate particle) whose external surfaces are defined by sets of triangular facets.At each facet, a vectorial form of constitutive model is used to simulate physical mechanisms such as tensile fracture, cohesion, friction, etc. LDPM has been calibrated and validated extensively through the analysis of a large variety of experimental tests.Numerical results show that it can reproduce with great accuracy the response of concrete under uniaxial and multiaxial stress states in both compression and tension and under both