Optimal Configuration Strategy Design for Offshore Wind Farm Energy Storage Systems Considering Primary Frequency Regulation and Black-Start Support Capabilities

This study focuses on the participation of energy storage in primary frequency regulation of offshore wind farms. A frequency regulation performance evaluation indicator is designed, and the black-start capability of the wind farm after shutdown is also considered. By equivalently processing the black-start time, a black-start capability evaluation indicator is designed. An energy storage strategy is adopted to balance power charging and discharging during the primary frequency regulation cycle. Considering the service life of energy storage batteries and the maximum number of charge/discharge cycles, a multi-objective comprehensive optimization model is proposed, which integrates frequency regulation performance, annual average investment cost of energy storage, black-start capability, and wind energy utilization rate. The designed model is solved using a genetic algorithm. Finally, a case study of an offshore wind farm is given to compare and analyze the primary frequency regulation with energy storage participation and the joint frequency regulation of wind and energy storage, which verifies the effectiveness of the proposed designed model and algorithm.