SCIENTIFIC AND METHODOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PROJECTS TO REDUCE EMISSIONS AND INCREASE THE ABSORPTION OF GREENHOUSE GASES BY FORESTS IN RUSSIA

The article discusses forestry measures aimed at reducing emissions and increasing the absorption of greenhouse gases in the forests of the Russian Federation. The analysis of priority measures has been carried out taking into account the natural and climatic conditions of different regions, which makes it possible to recommend the optimal list of tree species for each of them. The authors analyzed the totality of forestry measures for the priority of their implementation in order to decarbonize. The set of forestry measures includes the selection of forest species that maximize the minimization of emissions and maximize the absorption of greenhouse gases during their breeding in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The results of the analysis showed that the most effective in the implementation of decarbonization projects are forest-climatic projects, the article pays special attention to the creation of forest plantations and protective forests, artificial reforestation, as well as operational control of forest fires. It is noted that for the effective implementation of forest-climatic projects, it is necessary to take into account the specifics of regions with a low baseline of natural reforestation. According to these estimates, achieving carbon balance targets is possible in 56 regions of Russia by 2050, which requires the activation of existing government programs and projects in the field of forestry, especially in terms of the development of carbon landfills, including the need to establish the ultimate goal of the carbon landfill project – carbon balance control.